The Cuban Missile Crisis - 1495 Words

â€Å"I know there is a God--and I see a storm coming; If he has a place for me, I believe I am ready,† is the Abraham Lincoln quote, written on a slip of paper, that President John F. Kennedy kept in his pocket (Dobbs 14). And if ever there was a storm coming, it was evident to Kennedy the morning of October 16, 1962: the date Kennedy was made aware of Soviet missiles in Cuba. This was the testing ground, the closest the world has ever been to nuclear war, the Cuban Missile Crisis, 16-28 October, 1962. The future for millions of lives depended upon the ability of United States President John F. Kennedy and Russian Premier Nikita Khrushchev to reach an agreement in which both did not lose face, and more importantly, the world survived.†¦show more content†¦In fact, most Cubans resented the intervention by the United States in Cuban affairs, and it was this resentment that triggered Castro’s supporters to increase in large numbers. With a confirmed rule ov er Cuba, Castro declared the island a Communist nation (Nathan 55). The relationship between Castro and Khrushchev was cemented between 1959-1962 as the Soviets gained Castro’s trust by buying Cuban sugar crops two years in advance, as well as accepting trade and economic assistance (Nathan 38). The Soviet surface to air missiles (SAMs) began being shipped to Cuba in the spring of 1962, in response to the U.S. Jupiter missiles placed in Turkey (Nathan 75). Eventually, the two nations would sign the Russia-Cuba Pact in August, 1962, and the shipment of Soviet medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBMs) began (Nathan xxiv). â€Å"Fidel Castro accepted the Russian arguments that Cuba needed to accept missiles for its self-defense. Castro did not accept the logic but, as a member of the Soviet Bloc, felt Cuba had a duty to sustain socialism†¦.(Nathan 76).† The crisis began when the United States discovered the existence of offensive Soviet Intercontinental Balli stic Missiles (ICBMs), nuclear capable, barely 90 miles from the southern coast of Florida, in Cuba. U-2 spy plane reconnaissance missions over Cuba captured the evidence on film. The initial evidence was gathered days prior to the 16th,Show MoreRelatedThe Cuban Missile Crisis1149 Words   |  5 Pagescausing a civil war. Both the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War illustrate the United States attempt to combat communism. The Cuban Missile Crisis in the prevention of a nuclear war. Whereas the Vietnam War ultimately curtailed the spread of communism. (CMC) During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the U.S was trying to prevent a nuclear war, and attempting to contain the hostility between the U.S and the Soviet Union. In 1962, an American U2 plane spotted a Russian missile site being built with shortRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis1188 Words   |  5 Pageseven know. Topic Sentence: The Cuban missile was a crazy time. It happened some fifty years ago when John F. Kennedy was president. It was when one of U.S. spy plane caught Soviet Union trying to sneak some nuclear missiles into Cuba that was ninety miles off the United States’ coast. Soon enough president Kennedy had to talk to one of their leaders about what are they doing with the missiles and if they do not remove it there will be a war. The Cuban missile crisis happened during the Cold War betweenRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Essay2455 Words   |  10 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis bought the world closer to extinction than ever before. It was through the decisive actions of newly elected president John F Kennedy and then premier of the USSR Nikita Khrushchev that the confrontation did not escalate into all out nuclear war. The Cuban Missile Crisis lasted for 13 days, it was predicated on the fact that the Soviet Union was placing intercontinental ballistic missiles on the isla nd country of Cuba which is just off the coast of the United States nearRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis1016 Words   |  4 Pages Events leading up to this potential catastrophic war was the Cuban Revolution, the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion, US anti-communism, insecurity of the Soviet Union, and Cubas fear of invasion. Thankfully, the conflict was avoided due to great cooperation from both President John F. Kennedy of the United States and Soviet Union leader, Nikita Khrushchev. Each decision made by each leader was vital in the outcome of The Crisis. Kennedys choice to take action by methods of quarantine insteadRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis2013 Words   |  9 PagesInvestigation The purpose of this investigation is to establish the extent to which there was a victor at the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. This investigation will evaluate the position of both Khrushchev and Kennedy after the crisis in order to draw the victor. Looking into the intentions and goals of USA and the USSR leading up to, during, and recently after the crisis to determine the true victor, in between the years 1959 and 1979. Sources that will be used in this investigation includeRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis2100 Words   |  9 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban missile crisis was the most dangerous of the Cold War, but it still involves the two main superpower enemies; Russia and America, only this time Cuba got involved too. The Cold War happened because Read MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis5937 Words   |  24 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis The world was at the edge of a third world war. This was the result of a variety of things: the Cuban Revolution, the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion, US anti-communism, insecurity of the Soviet Union, and Cubas fear of invasion all made causes for war. However, war was not the result due to great cooperation from both President Kennedy and President Khrushchev and each of the decisions made by the leaders was crucial in the outcome of The Crisis. Kennedys choiceRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Essay3251 Words   |  14 Pageswar. Looking back now, I realize the Cuban Missile Crisis was an extreme pivotal moment in the Cold War. 6 months ago my own country, the United States of America, had never been so close to Armageddon with the Soviet Union. On October 16th, 1962 I was informed that the CIA’s National Photographic Interpretation Centre had reviewed findings from U-2 aircraft photographs and had identified objects that were soon to be interpreted as medium range ballistic missiles. The U-2 flight, piloted by MajorRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesinevitable to the world, it was the first time nuclear war was hanging on a thread. The Cuban Missile Crisis presented a threat to the world, in which the USSR planted nuclear missiles on Cuba. America’s response was to threaten launching nuclear missiles at the Russians. This incident launched the world into a new time, which presented nuclear weapons as a source of power. The incident of the Cuban Missile Crisis still connects with us today because the power nuclear weapons present, which providesRead MoreCuban Missile Crisis Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13 day political and military deadlock in 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union. It appeared that the Soviet Union was installing nuclear missiles in Cuba, and it was the closest the United States has ever came to a nuclear war. Using the movie, 13 Days, the Cuban Missile Crisis is explained and compared to the actual event. The crisis was led to by the Cold War. The Cold War was a period between 1947 and 1991 of geopolitical tension between the corrupted

Theme Of Rain In The Bell Jar - 1112 Words

In The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath, there are many instances where water, in different forms, has appeared as a symbol as described with How to Read Literature Like a Professor by Thomas C. Foster. Foster’s portrayal of baptism and the sense that main characters cannot die so early in the novel that he shows the reader throughout numerous parts of his book helps the reader figure out how much water is affecting Esther’s everyday life and actions. Water, whether it may be the rain, seemingly wet hair, or the sea, symbolizes baptism and rebirth, and helps show the fact that she cannot die, as much as she may want to in certain points in the novel. First off, rain is popularly seen as a clear symbol of this, not only because it is†¦show more content†¦It made [her] tired just thinking about it† (Plath 128). Here, Esther tells the reader that she believed having to continuously wash her hair everyday seems silly, and it becomes a boring action for her. This is due to all of the suicidal thoughts she continues to have, and they cause her to be less innocent and pure because she now knows about the world and its flaws. Her mental illness which continues to give her recurring thoughts about death not only show the reader how much many little things affect her life as a whole, but it shows how severe mental illnesses can get, especially without help. All together, the cleanliness that Esther gives off most of the time helps show how the rain, and water in general, has affected her as a person, both inside and out. Second, rebirth similarly affects Esther through water. Foster states, â€Å"so when writers baptize a character they mean death, rebirth, new identity? Generally, yes...symbolic rebirth is the point of the sacrament of baptism† (167). Here, he clearly demonstrates that rebirth and baptism are closely related. When Esther attempts to kill herself, she states that her â€Å"flesh winced, in cowardice, from such a deat h† (Plath 153). This shows how as much as she wants to kill herself in that moment, even her own body realizesShow MoreRelatedThe Transition in Sylvia Plath’s Work1438 Words   |  6 PagesLife has been some combination of fairy-tale coincidence and joie de vivre and shocks of beauty together with some hurtful self-questioning. --The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath It has been almost 50 years since the American literary community lost one of its greatest treasures, Sylvia Plath. Even in recent days, numerous scholars are still studying many admirable qualities in Plath’s collection of work. She has developed a unique writing style and performed thoroughly at an early age. Over the yearsRead MoreFrench Terms for Ib Sl French B8316 Words   |  34 Pagestable to die to (dry-)clean to obey to share to go past / to sit / to spend to happen to hoover comb to comb to weigh floor to put / place to possess to introduce to tidy up to shave razor alarm clock / waking up to wake up to laugh sleep to ring door bell to smile to keep an eye on mower to mow empty Page 16 of 52 GCSE French General Vocabulary List  © OCR 2009 Topic Area 1 Home and local area vider vivre anneau bas basket blouson botte boucles doreille bouton casque casquette ceinture / ceintureRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pagesdistinction between what they termed the â€Å"black land,† the dark fertile fields along the Nile, and the â€Å"red land,† the desert cliffs and plateaus bordering the valley. The Nile alone made agriculture possible in Egypt’s desert environment. Each year the rains of central Africa caused the river to rise over its floodplain. When the floodwaters receded, they left a rich layer of organically fertile silt. The construction and maintenance of canals, dams, and irrigation ditches to control the river’s waterRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagescould most profitably be continued. This work re-emphasizes the complex phonology of the southern Igbo dialects, already brought to light in the work of Carnochan (1948), Swift and others (1962), and Green and Igwe (1963) It will be seen that a common theme running through much of the work here surveyed is a pre-occupation with the dialect problem. Only the work of Abraham and Welmers and Welmers attempts to deal with an unqualified Igbo. Of the other works, it is clear that a great deal of OnitshaRead MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 Pagesadministrative and technical.[41] Party control seems to be largely unscathed during these years. 3.2. Confucianism in Journey to the West Although it is generally accepted among literary scholars that Journey to the West embodies several ideological themes, scholars have disagreed for decades on what the novel’s most important ideological focus is. Plaks, among others, argues that Confucianism is the availing ideology and should be seen as the main ideology.[42] Others, such as Dudbridge oppose thisRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesextension, the company forgoes the chance to create a new brand with its own unique image and equity. For example, consider the advantages to Disney of having introduced Touchstone films, which attracted an audience interested in movies with more adult themes and situations than Disney s traditional family-oriented releases; to Levies of having introduced Dockers pants, which attracted a customer segment interested in casual pants; to General Motors of having introduced Saturn, which attracted consumers

Operations Management- IKEA-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp.com

Questions: 1.Identify IKEAs Critical Success Factors. 2.Disuss the Importance of IKEA Operation Management to IKEA. 3Discuss about the IKEA's Quality Management and Strategies. Answers: Introduction IKEA is a popular name, which is known as largest furniture retailer in the world. It is a multinational company, which was established in Sweden and headquartered in Netherlands. The company manufactures and sells ready to assemble furniture, home accessories and kitchen appliances. It was founded in the year 1943 by a 17 year old person, Ingvar Kamprad. Now, it is having its business operations on international level. It is operating its 410 stores in 49 countries all over the world. The vision of IKEA is to create and provide a better and relaxed life to its potential customers across the globe (Chase, 2007). The company has developed the idea of offering variety of low costs and well-designed furniture and home appliances to its customers. This report includes various aspects of operations management at IKEA by analyzing the given case study. The company is implementing effective operation management practices to offer the quality products to customers. This report defines the cr itical success factors of IKEA along with its operations management. At the end, it discusses quality management and strategies of IKEA. 1.IKEAs Critical Success Factors IKEA as a largest furniture retailer in the world has enjoyed an excessive success in several countries. At any organization, excellent performance derives from its effective leadership and management of personnel and careful balancing of international integration of its operations and processes by responding to the domestic tastes and preferences. The company is attaining a great success in this industry. It has impressed not only its customers with better quality and affordable furniture but also its competitors with its inventory management and supply chain techniques (Chopra, 2009). There are many success factors, which assisted IKEA to succeed in furniture industry. Some of the major factors are stated below; Low-cost functional Structure It is the major success factor at IKEA that it is adopting a low cost functional policy. Under this structure, the company is offering furniture with better quality at affordable prices. To approach its low cost strategy, the company always focuses on balancing the cost effective labor with the quality standards of its products and services. The company is emphasizing on developing better relationships with the suppliers in developing nations to save funds on production and labor. Due to this, company is able to offer the furniture and other home accessories on lower prices than its competitors. At IKEA, the furniture is designed to ship stripped, and all products are delivered flat. This flat packaging makes it easy for the people to transport the products home and it assists them in saving the money on shipping process. Thus, it is the major factor behind the success of IKEA in todays competitive business environment (Dale, 2015). Unique distribution system To compete with the leading players in the industry, IKEA is adopting a unique distribution system. There are different distribution channels, such as; IKEA Super store, IKEA catalogs, IKEA store websites and IKEA family e-mail subscription, which are used by the company to approach its potential customers. The distribution system of the company is very exclusive, as it delivers the furniture unassembled in flat boxes to decrease the costs on shipping. It assists the customers in saving money and delivery time. Flat packaging reduces the labor costs, damage of furniture in transportation, space for storage and costs on shipping. By doing this, the company can offer the products on the price at 30% to 40% less than its competitors, to the customers, who are desired to assemble their furniture and home accessories by themselves (Forno, Graziano, 2014). Effective Operations Management Operations Management is a significant part of the success of IKEA. The company is incorporating various processes in its operations management to make production and delivery smoother. Offering great shopping experience is one of the major parts of its operations management. They have set up the stores and settle their catalogues with the themes of kitchens, bedrooms and bathrooms etc. which entice the customers. It is providing different facilities, like; it has provided supervised play area for the children, small cinema and baby and parent room, so parents can leave their kids in supervised play area, when they do shopping at IKEA stores. It understands the needs and expectations of customers before manufacturing the products. The operations strategy of IKEA includes stores layout, designing styles furniture, and store location, effective delivery of products, inventory management, and effective supply chain and developing the products with higher quality standards (Gibson, 2012) . Thus, these are the major factors, which are contributing to the success of IKEA. 2.Importance of Operations Management The given case study indicates the how the operation management is significant for the success of IKEA. It shows that IKEA is the best example to explain the importance of operation management for all types of businesses. In the production and manufacturing stage, the organization aims to decrease the wastages and enhance the resources and time management and productivity for ensuring that production cost is comparatively lower. At its retail stores, IKEA aims to ensure that its warehouses are used properly. All the details are explained to the customers and finally the furniture is delivered without any issue, so that it can lower the shifting cost. The retail stores have to handle the sales and marketing that includes their own procedure. It shows that there will be set of operations regardless of what sector the business is in. This company is becoming successful because it is managing its operations efficiently and effectively (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). Operations management is i mportant for IKEA, as it is enhancing its delivery and distribution system. By adopting an effective operations management, company is improving its business operations and processes. Operation management is assisting the organization in ensuring that the quality of products and services is managed always and operations are executed effectively to save the resources, so that it may have its advantages. Like other functions, operation management is equally important for the growth and success of an organizations business (Hatton, 2013). IKEA is placing operational processes and systems to satisfy the needs and requirements of its potential customers. It is very important for the long-term survival of company and its business. It includes all the process, like; product designing, manufacturing and delivering, which fulfill the requirements of market. The importance of operation management at IKEA can be understood by looking at its growth and success (Hultman, et al, 2012). In this way, operations management plays an important role to IKEA in managing the process, making decisions, taking challenges and guiding other practices to perform in same manner. 3.Quality Management and Strategies The mission and vision of IKEA is very much clear. As discussed above, the company is making focus on producing better quality products, which are affordable to the population. To attain this, company has implemented various methods. From them, Six Sigma method is the major approach, in which the company designs and synthesizes the products with the objective of producing huge amounts of products without any defect (Byun, 2011). IKEA is the best example because it strives to fulfill the requirements of customers by instructing the available resources to attain this impact. Under the total quality management process, the company does a laboratory test of the products and services to make sure that they fulfill the needed specifications. On domestic and international level, several products are tested to make sure that company has attained the quality. Quality management is an important approach at IKEA, which assists the organization in attaining its overall objective by implementing different strategies and techniques of total quality management. For improving the quality of its products, IKEA is taking feedback from its regular and existing customers, so that it can understand the shortcomings in its products and services (Oakland, 2014). The company is using various techniques of total quality management, like; through implementation of quality circles, IKEA is having benefits of quality and productivity and enhance the morale of employees (Slack, Chambers Johnston, 2010). The has created a quality circle organization structure, which includes, the coordinator, steering committee, facilitator, circle members and circle leader. The company designs a training program for the employees for changing the attitudes of employees, improvement, self-development etc. Another strategy of quality management is benchmarking that is used to measuring the internal processes against different divisions in the business, competitors and implement effective practices. IKEA is implementing benchmarking to identify that how well the company is in comparison to other companies. This strategy is giving IKEA different processes to attain a Total Quality Management culture (Oak John, 2010). This is the major technique that is helping the or ganization in understanding about the doings of other competitors. These are the strategies, which are assisting IKEA in providing quality products to its customers and creating a large customer base. Conclusion From the above case study analysis, it can be stated that IKEA is the best example of effective operation management. The company is using effective operation strategies and processes to manufacture the products according to the needs and expectations of customers and enhancing service delivery process. There are various factors at IKEA, which contribute to the growth and success of organization. It is emphasizing on manufacturing the quality products on lower prices than its competitors. For maintaining and improving the quality, firm is implementing different strategies, which assist the organization in increasing its customer base References Byun, J.W. 2011, Value-based Services for Sustainable Business: A Case Study of IKEA, Journal of distribution and management research,14(3), 147-166. Chase, R., 2007, Operations managemen.New York: McGraw-Hill. Chopra, R, 2009, IKEA case study.International Bulletin of Business Administration, 12(31), 34-43. Dale, B., 2015.Total quality management. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Forno, F., Graziano, P.R., 2014, Sustainable community movement organisations. Journal of Consumer Culture, 14, 139157 Gibson, J., 2012, The Case of IKEAs Entry Into China.Journal of Applied Management And Entrepreneurship, 17(2), 1077-1158. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hatton, C., 2013, Ikea in China: Store or theme park, Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-24769669. Hultman, J., Johnsen, T., Johnsen, R., Hertz, S., 2012, An interaction approach to global sourcing: A case study of IKEA.Journal Of Purchasing And Supply Management,18(1), 9-21. Oak l. John S, 2010, Total Quality Management and Operational Excellence: text and cases Routledge 4th Ed. Oakland, J.S., 2014.Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge. Slack, N., Chambers, S., Johnston, R., 2010, Operations management. Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall.

Rocking Essays - The Rocking-Horse Winner, The Rocking Horse Winner

Rocking Horse Winner And Love The Search for Love in "The Rocking Horse Winner" "There was a woman who was beautiful, who started with all the advantages, but she had no luck" (873). Both of the main characters in " The Rocking Horse Winner", Hester and Paul, are in pursuit of love. First the mother, Hester, "married for love, and the love turned to dust", she gained children from her marriage but, " she could not love them" (873). No where in her life does she find love for anyone but herself. The closest thing to love that comes to her she rejects. That comes in the form of her young son Paul. Paul constantly looks for love and " real affection" from his mother, who cannot or will not give it to him. Her feelings towards her children, especially, Paul, is exemplified " when her children [are] present" and " she always [feels] the center of her heart go hard"(873). Everybody thought of her as a great mother who " adores her children", only she knew that " her heart was a hard little place that could not feel love, no, not for anyone", not even her children who desperately need it (873). Paul has a conversation with his mother about luck. From this talk he decides that if he becomes lucky, he can win the love of his mother. To her luck is something that brings money, if you are lucky you can keep the money. His " mother cannot be happy without the unending flow of cold, sure cash"(1470). Paul accumulates money from horse races, and when his uncle asks what he will do with his money Paul responds " I started it for mother. She said she had no luck because father is unlucky . . ." he thinks that if he can be lucky he can gain her love (884). Paul dies before he gains his mothers love. When he dies he leaves her with 80-thousand pounds, maybe enough to have gained her love. " He dies, cannot live, cannot flourish partly because he is too good a son" (1471). Because of his death he looses the one thing that he ever really wanted, love and " real affection"(1470). Paul's uncle tells his mother after his death " My God Hester, you're 80-odd thousand to the good, but a poor devil of a son to the bad" meaning that she never realized how lucky she was to have a son that loved her and cared about her as much as Paul did. In the end his mother has lost the one thing that had truly loved her, and she has lost the only source of her true happiness, Paul's money.

Post WWII german culture essays

Post WWII german culture essays In this ambitious study, Uta G. Poiger attempts to trace the developments of Post-WWII popular culture in East and West Germany, paying close attention to reaction and politicization that framed each sides discussions. The picture that emerges seems to be extremely accurate, but it is at the same time, very confusing. Reactions of all sorts of sociologists, pundits and commentators leaves the reader with an obfuscated view of what life in both East and West Germany was like after WWII. Poigers cultural scholarship focuses on interpretations of Hollywood movies, jazz, and rock n roll, and the class, gender, and racial anxieties that American cultural imports evoked. Poiger shows that every time new American music and fashion were made available, they inevitably crashed up against a counter-wave of adult panic about their effects on the morality, sexuality, and national identity of Germans. Commentators feared that the blatant sensuality of American films and the openly erotic gyrations of jitterbug and other dances would corrupt innocent German girls. They also worried that Westerns, gangster movies, and films such as The Wild One undermined efforts to reconstruct masculinity as less aggressive, more self-controlled than under the Nazis. This anxiety is not cut and dry, however, as Poigers narrative often illustrates contradictions in the perception of youth culture. West German reaction to Jazz, for example, ranges from ambivalence to apprehension to outrage to hatred to acceptance, depending on which magazine is cited and which year it is. Although Poiger uses an abundance of archival evidence to tease out the realities of German Youth culture, she concentrates mostly on the reactions of officials and media figures to do so. This creates a divorced view of German youth culture as it relies on the stereotypes used to describe them based on the reactions and fears of the older generation...

The Complete Guide to a Geology Research Paper

The Complete Guide to a Geology Research Paper A research paper is an academic writing assignment that needs students to perform extensive research on a certain topic. Hence, it requires a significant amount of time to collect the required information, analyze it interpret, and present the research findings. Students need to be aware of the steps to write a research paper that is aligned with the best practices in a scientific paper. This geology research paper guide is aimed at helping geology students write an effective research paper. It includes both the general writing recomendations and specific geology research paper writing tips. Make sure to study it before you get down to your assignment. Start a Research Paper Properly Assignment Requirements This is a basic step that needs a student to be aware of the requirements for the assignment as provided by the instructor. It is important to look at the purpose of the assignment and its due date so as to plan and have adequate time to perform research and write the paper. The other information to be aware of is whether the instructor requires a certain number of sources or a particular type of references. Some research papers might need primary sources such as interviews, field observations, and maps. Others might need only scholarly sources such as journal articles and books. Students should also determine whether there are requirements for referencing and the maximum or minimum word limit. Those who are unsure of the requirements can contact their instructor for clarification. Selecting a Topic Students are often required to select a topic for the research paper. However, instructors can assign a given topic or provide a list of topics that students should choose from. Nevertheless, they have to make a decision on a certain idea that they will focus on when writing the research paper. When selecting a topic, students should consider their interests, available time, access to enough resources, and the scope of it. Choosing an interesting topic can make the student enjoy the research and writing process. Here are some geology topics that can be discussed: A Study of the Long-Term Effects of Deforestation in South America; The Impact of Coastal Erosion in Indiana; A Study of the Connection Between Diamonds and Kimberlites; Impact of Bauxite Mining on China’s Environment; The Source of Sulfate Ions in Groundwater. Finding Information Knowledge and understanding of the topic can allow students to identify sources that they will need to complete the research paper. One of the vital things that they should do when looking for data is the terms or phrases defining their research topic. These terms are helpful in searching for books and articles for the research. Students should obtain information from sources that are credible, reliable, and relevant to the topic. For example, the sources should be limited to coastal erosion if the student is examining coastal erosion in Indiana. Make sure you understand the limits of the paper to avoid straying away from the main idea. Overall, the information should be complete and helpful when completing the research paper. Organizing Notes This is simply the process of decoding concepts from the sources to be used in the research. Students are expected to read the sources and take notes on the most salient points in relation to their research. Since it is not often possible to read an entire book, students should go to the table of contents and look for the specific topic or topics that are relevant to the paper. This can make it easier to collect the required information. Talking about research articles, students can read the entire piece as it is usually short paper. Unlike books that contain general information, journal articles are specific to a certain subject. It is important to include the page number to show where the information is located. Statement of Purpose The information obtained so far should be enough to write a research paper. However, it is vital to begin by writing a statement of purpose to guide the reader on what it will discuss. It is possible to revise the statement as the research proceeds. However, any of these changes should remain within the scope and requirements of the research paper. The flexibility can lead a student to the data that is used to support the purpose statement. The statement of purpose should make the reader understand the overall goal of the paper and what the researcher intends to achieve. Only then, the student can proceed with the rest of the paper based on the outline provided below. How to Meet the Set Structure of a Research Paper Title Page and Abstract The title page contains descriptive information about the title, student, course, and date of submission. It is vital to note that the information included in the title page can depend on the formatting style used or instructions provided by the professor. A student has to make sure that all the needed information is included. The abstract page contains a brief summary of the strong points and conclusions from the research. The summary should be completed without repeating information in the introduction or conclusion. The reader should be able to grasp the entire scope of the research paper by just reading the abstract. Since the abstract consolidates information presented in the paper, students are advised to write it after completing all the other sections. Table of Contents Since research papers can sometimes be long, they involve the use of headings and subheadings to make them presentable and understandable. The table of contents presents the paper structure providing the reader with the page numbers so they can easily orient within the content. However, this part of the paper has to be placed at the beginning of the piece, it is advisable to compose it when the whole work is done. Though completing the table of contents manually is quite hectic and time-consuming, there are a lot of apps and software that can do the job for you. List of Figures and List of Tables Geology reports often involve figures and reports that are used to illustrate various ideas discussed in the paper. This might not be required when there are only a few tables or figures or if you work on a short research paper. It is rather used when there are many of these components and a research paper has many pages. This section provides a list of all figures and tables present in the paper. Each listing should indicate the figure or table number, a brief description, and page where it can be found. This section can make it easier for readers to find information quickly. Besides, this section also should be completed when the rest of the paper is done. Introduction The purpose of this part is to introduce the topic together with some background information. The information should provide readers with concepts that they need to know so as to understand the rest of the paper. For example, research on the impact of erosion in Indiana can provide background information on the process of erosion. Besides, it can provide some information on how Indiana was prior to the problem. The introduction can also offer an outline of the paper and the main concepts discussed by the student. At the end of the introduction, the student should include the statement of purpose that was developed after organizing the notes. This should show the reader the direction of the paper and the main points discussed. Overall, the introduction should be concise and designed to capture the interest of the reader. Body The body of the research paper is where the student discusses all the main points of the paper. The content of the main body can take a variety of formats depending on the information offered by the instructor. However, the content of the report is generally divided into sections and subsections using appropriate headings and subheadings. A research paper usually consists of three main sections, including the literature review, research design, and discussion. Literature Review The aim of the literature review is to place the research in the current scholarly context and show how it moves the current scholarship forward. If the research, for example, is about the coral deterioration in a given area, the student should show how the paper will address one of the areas that have not been researched so far. It is important to note that instructors would want a well-written research paper that has many new concepts. The mistake that many students tend to make is to lose sight of the purpose of the research paper. Hence, they should ensure that the review is relevant to the study and organized in a manner that will show the contributions of the research. Research Design This section is meant to inform the reader about the approach used to achieve the purpose of the study. For example, a student can conduct a field observation in the area of interest to study the metamorphic layers or rocks that are present. The student should indicate the process and procedure used to complete the observation. They should also indicate the data collection method, especially in relation to the measurement of various variables. Findings and Discussion This is where the bulk of the information should be presented. The aim of this section is to discuss the findings from the research within the context of the topic. The analysis can be accompanied by figures, tables, graphs, and many other labels as appropriate. However, figures or tables that take more than one page should be located in the appendix of the research paper. These components should be labeled and referenced to enable readers to easily find them. Generally, students should show the conclusions reached based on the data collected from the research. They should support the findings from research studies where possible. Conclusion The conclusion should begin with a summary of the main things learned from the study. Students should show the main arguments and how they were supported by the research evidence. The other aspect that needs to be included in this section is the directions for future research. Students need to show new questions from the research and how they can be answered by further research on the topic. Finally, this section should explain why the research was important and how it advances the current scholarship. In other words, the conclusion should place the research in the larger context of the topic. References/Bibliography Scholarly or academic papers need to follow a certain format that should be applied consistently in the paper. It is important to look at the initial instructions to determine whether the instructor requires the use of a specific formatting style. Ideas obtained from external sources should be cited in the text to avoid plagiarism. Direct quotations should include the page number where the information was obtained from. However, direct quotations should be minimized, and students should paraphrase any borrowed ideas before including them in their paper. Revising and Editing the Draft The final step is to read through the paper so as to identify and correct any stylistic and content errors. It would be appropriate to complete the revision after at least one day. In some cases, students can use grammar checkers to identify mistakes that might not be apparent. If possible, it would be better to get someone who would read through the paper to see whether there are any mistakes that the student might have missed. References: Bergmann, L. (2010). Academic research and writing. Boston: Longman. Chodorow, S. (2011). Writing a successful research paper. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co. Eby, E. (2014). College students guide to writing a great research paper. New York: Atlantic Publishing Group Inc. Goldenberg, P. (2010). Writing a research paper. New York: Sadlier. Werner-Burke, N., Knaus, K., DeCamp, A. (2014). Rebuilding research writing. New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis.

The My Lai Massacre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The My Lai Massacre - Essay Example In the end people, departments and institutions flew blame from right, left and center with just a handful of people bearing the burden of prosecution despite it being quite clear that many more had been involved. The power structure at the time actually did well to evade harm from the incident not considering that it was the source of the main problem that not only architected the massacre but also tried to sugar coat it in the name of a bigger and justified war in Vietnam that was supposedly being pursued to protect American interests abroad. According to Olson and Roberts, a few days before the My Lai massacre, there were increasing number of heavy losses and casualties on the side of American soldiers (13). These were caused by snipers, booby traps and mines. SGT George Cox is one of the notable soldiers who died from a booby trap while on patrol just two days before the massacre. Those who died or suffered injuries were mostly on patrol and most of these happened near My Lai ham let. These incidents had slowly undermined American forces’ strength and ability to neutralize the Vietcong operating mainly from My Lai hamlet. These Vietcong units had managed to remain intact owing to their continuous execution of small-scale operations (14). The massacre itself took four hours where more than 400 civilians were killed by American forces from 0730hrs. The operation in My Lai hamlet started by aimless shooting around the selected soldiers landing spot and it went on for about three minutes. This was done not to kill anyone in particular but to disburse any enemy within that proximity so as to ease the access towards the hamlet. This however resulted to widespread panic from those inhabiting the hamlet that morning. Soldiers for the next 30 minutes edged towards the hamlet loaded mainly with pistols and M-16s on full automatic. The soldiers split up at around 0800hrs and begun a thorough search for Vietcong and their weaponry. In this instance lack of coordi nation started and resulted in haphazard turn of events. Frustration creped in and soldiers started shooting at anything that moved. â€Å"Soldiers shot old men sitting outside their homes, women carrying water, children searching for places to hide. †¦women were raped at gunpoint†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (22). 1LT Calley is a notable figure and was to blame for a great deal that happened that morning. However, Charlie Company herded Vietnamese in order to guard them and not to kill. Calley testified to have plainly ordered his soldiers to kill the Vietnamese whether armed or otherwise where the latter turned to be the absolute scenario. This resulted in many unarmed civilians grouped up and shot in cold blood while Calley himself was involved in most incidents. At this point an army photographer, Ronald Haeberle was taking all the action as it happened. It is important to note that only a few soldiers in the Charlie Company engaged their arms in the morning slaughter. Another was Hugh T homson Jr. who was a pilot at the time and who tried to intervene and stop a group of soldiers from killing a group of Vietnamese. What had happened all morning was nothing short of a massacre against the people of My Lai. The whole operation resulted to recovery of only three weapons. Reported official figure at that time was the killing of 128 enemies. This immediately followed efforts of cover up starting with Captain Medina. The military was made deeply aware of the incident on 29 March 1969 through a letter by Ronald Ridenhour. This led to deeper investigations which revealed a